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5 Kebijakan Ini Bikin Barang Indonesia Kena Tarif 32% di AS, Apa Saja?

admin by admin
April 7, 2025
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MADANIACOID – Hubungan dagang Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat sedang diuji. Belum lama ini, AS resmi menaikkan tarif bea masuk barang asal Indonesia jadi 32 persen. Langkah ini disebut sebagai respons atas lima kebijakan dalam negeri Indonesia yang dianggap merugikan kepentingan ekonomi Negeri Paman Sam.

Kamar Dagang dan Industri (Kadin) Indonesia pun mendorong pemerintah untuk bergerak cepat, meninjau ulang, dan menjelaskan situasinya ke pihak AS supaya tidak salah paham berkepanjangan.

Disebut di Laporan Perdagangan Tahunan AS

Kelima kebijakan itu dicantumkan dalam laporan tahunan National Trade Estimate (NTE) 2025 dari USTR (United States Trade Representative). Ketua Umum Kadin, Anindya Bakrie, menyebut pentingnya pembahasan secara menyeluruh untuk memastikan apakah klaim AS benar atau tidak.

Kalau memang ada masalah, pemerintah harus siapkan data dan argumen yang kuat supaya tak ada miskomunikasi yang bisa berdampak buruk bagi hubungan dagang dua negara.

5 Kebijakan yang Dipermasalahkan

  1. Aturan Bea Masuk Barang Kiriman
    AS menyoroti PMK No. 199/2019 (yang kini direvisi jadi PMK No. 96/2023). Aturan ini mengatur soal impor lewat e-commerce, mewajibkan kerja sama antara importir volume besar dan bea cukai Indonesia, serta menambah daftar barang dengan tarif MFN (Most Favored Nation).
  2. Prosedur Pajak yang Rumit
    Sistem audit Direktorat Jenderal Pajak dianggap terlalu berbelit, dengan sanksi administratif yang dinilai kelewat tinggi. Proses penyelesaian sengketa juga dianggap tidak jelas dan kurang punya dasar hukum yang kuat.
  3. Pajak Penghasilan Barang Impor
    PMK No. 41/2022 memperluas jenis barang impor yang kena Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 22. Perusahaan AS merasa proses klaim pengembalian pajaknya terlalu panjang dan nggak pasti.
  4. Cukai Tinggi untuk Minuman Alkohol Impor
    Ada selisih cukup besar antara cukai minuman beralkohol lokal dan impor. Misalnya, minuman dengan kadar alkohol 5–20 persen kena cukai sampai 24 persen lebih tinggi dibanding produk lokal.
  5. Revisi Aturan Neraca Komoditas
    Lewat Perpres No. 61/2024, daftar komoditas yang wajib izin impor bertambah dari 5 jadi 19 barang. Mulai 2025, komoditas seperti bawang putih, apel, anggur, dan jeruk harus punya izin khusus.

Respon Kadin: Tenang Tapi Tegas

Anindya menyarankan supaya Indonesia tetap bersikap diplomatis tapi juga tidak diam saja. Kadin bahkan mendukung pembentukan tim khusus untuk menjawab laporan USTR dan melakukan negosiasi langsung jika perlu.

Menurutnya, tarif 32 persen itu bisa membahayakan surplus dagang Indonesia dengan AS dan memperlambat kerja sama ekonomi lainnya.

Surplus Dagang Indonesia Jadi Sasaran

AS menetapkan tarif tinggi ke negara-negara dengan surplus dagang besar terhadap mereka. Indonesia masuk daftar itu karena mencatat surplus sebesar USD 16,84 miliar di 2024—tertinggi dibanding negara lain seperti India, Filipina, Malaysia, dan Jepang.

Tarif baru ini pun jauh lebih tinggi dari tarif umum yang hanya 10 persen untuk banyak negara lain.

Tags: bisnisekspor
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